Abstract: The Donghe Sandstone Reservoir in the Hadexun Oilfield, located in the Tarim Basin, NW China, exhibits a complex hydrocarbon distribution pattern. The exploration in the study area and logging and geochemical data were summarized, the petroleum geological conditions, hydrocarbon property variations, and distribution characteristics were systematically analyzed, and the main controlling factors and enrichment of hydrocarbon distribution were revealed. Results indicate that: (1) macroscopically, the oil-water contact depths in different well blocks of the Donghe Sandstone Reservoir show a distribution pattern of "deeper in the north and shallower in the south". The stratigraphic distribution of the Donghe Sandstone and low-amplitude anticlines controlled the macro-scale hydrocarbon accumulation setting, while calcareous interbeds within the reservoir acted as key flow barriers, which formed multiple independent fluid systems and controlled the differential oil-water distribution. (2) Multi-stage hydrocarbon charging was the main reason for the "different sources in the north and south". The Had-11 well block in the north is dominated by a single late charging event during the Himalayan Period, resulting in higher crude oil density. In contrast, the Had-4 well block in the south experienced two charging events (Yanshanian and Himalayan), and its oil source was likely originated from the underlying Ordovician, thus exhibiting higher maturity. (3) The paleo-reservoir formed during the Hercynian Period was re-adjusted in the context of structural inversion during the Himalayan Period. Simultaneously, the reactivation of the source-connected faults in the southwest connected the underlying reservoirs, which collectively determined the late-stage hydrocarbon emplacement and enrichment. The Had-1-2 well block, located in a structural high, received hydrocarbon sources from both north and south, making it the most enriched accumulation area.